The Wildlife Biology Program is a University of Montana Program of National Distinction. The faculty publications from the Wildlife Biology Program include research and creative scholarship in zoology, wildlife ecology, population dynamics, conservation of wildlife, and management of anthropogenic effects on wildlife. The extensive and diverse wildlife populations in Montana provide an excellent study site for many projects, but the Wildlife Biology Program's breath of research is truly global in nature.

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Submissions from 2008

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Undetected Species Losses, Food Webs, and Ecological Baselines: a Cautionary Tale from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, Joel Berger

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Indirect Effects and Traditional Trophic Cascades: a Test Involving Wolves, Coyotes, and Pronghorn, Kim Murray Berger, Eric M. Gese, and Joel Berger

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Novel Weapons: Invasive Plant Suppresses Fungal Mutualists in America but not in its Native Europe, Ragan M. Callaway, Don Cipollini, Kathryn Barto, Giles C. Thelen, STeven G. Hallett, Daniel Prati, Kristina Stinson, and John Klironomos

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A Literature Review of the Effects of Energy Development on Ungulates: Implications for Central and Eastern Montana, Mark Hebblewhite

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Scientific Review for the Identification of Critical Habitat for Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal Population, in Canada, Mark Hebblewhite and Environment Canada

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A Multi-Scale Test of the Forage Maturation Hypothesis in a Partially Migratory Ungulate Population, Mark Hebblewhite, Evelyn Merrill, and Greg McDermid

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The Ecological Importance of Severe Wildfires: Some Like it Hot, Richard L. Hutto

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Phytotoxic Effects of (+/-)-Catechin in Vitro, in Soil, and in the Field, Inderjit, Jarrod L. Pollock, Ragan M. Callaway, and William E. Holben

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An Invader Differentially Affects Leaf Physiology of Two Natives Across a Gradient in Diversity, Pamela Kittelson, John L. Maron, and Marilyn Marler

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Introduced Mammalian Predators Induce Behavioural Changes in Parental Care in an Endemic New Zealand Bird, Melanie Massaro, Amanda Starling-Windhof, James V. Briskie, and Thomas E. Martin

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Lions and Prions and Deer Demise, Michael W. Miller, Heather M. Swanson, Lisa L. Wolfe, Fred G. Quartarone, Sherri L. Huwer, Charles H. Southwick, and Paul M. Lukacs

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Monitoring programs to assess reintroduction efforts: a critical component in recovery, Erin Muths and Victoria J. Dreitz

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Weed-Biocontrol Insects Reduce Native-Plant Recruitment Through Second-Order Apparent Competition, Dean E. Pearson and Ragan M. Callaway

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No Evidence for Trade-Offs: Centaurea Plants from America are Better Competitors and Defenders, Wendy M. Ridenour, Jorge M. Vivanco, Yulong Feng, Jun-Ichiro Horiuchi, and Ragan M. Callaway

Submissions from 2007

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Filling Key Gaps in Population and Community Ecology, Anurag A. Agrawal, David D. Ackerly, Fred Adler, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Carla Cáceres, Daniel F. Doak, Eric Post, Peter J. Hudson, John L. Maron, Kailen A. Mooney, Mary Power, Doug Schemske, Jay Stachowicz, Sharon Strauss, Monica G. Turner, and Earl Werner

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Breeding Biology of Passerines in a Subtropical Montane Forest in Northwestern Argentina, Sonya K. Auer, Ronald D. Bassar, Joseph J. Fontaine, and Thomas E. Martin

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Reproductive Biology of the Violet-Chested Hummingbird in Venezuela and Comparisons with Other Tropical and Temperate Hummingbirds, Karolina Fierro-Calderon and Thomas E. Martin

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Conditions for Caribou Persistence in the Wolf-Elk-Caribou Systems of the Canadian Rockies, Mark Hebblewhite, Jesse Whittington, Mark Bradley, Geoff Skinner, Alan Dibb, and Clifford A. White

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Understanding Abundance Patterns of a Declining Seabird: Implications for Monitoring, Michelle L. Kissling, Mason Reid, Paul M. Lukacs, Scott M. Gende, and Stephen B. Lewis

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Free-Living Male Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows Exhibit Territorial Aggression Without Modulating Total or Free Plasma Testosterone, Sharon E. Lynn, Thomas P. Hahn, and Creagh W. Breuner

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Native Plant Diversity Resists Invasion at both Low and High Resource Levels, John L. Maron and Marilyn Marler

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Climate Correlates of 20 Years of Trophic Changes in a High-Elevation Riparian System, Thomas E. Martin

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Direct and Interactive Effects of Enemies and Mutualists on Plant Performance: a Meta-Analysis, William F. Morris, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Anurag A. Agrawal, James D. Bever, Victoria A. Borowicz, Gregory S. Gilbert, John L. Maron, Charles E. Mitchell, Ingrid M. Parker, Alison G. Power, Mark E. Torchin, and Diego P. Vázquez

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Is Selectively Harvested Forest an Ecological Trap for Olive-Sided Flycatchers?, Bruce A. Robertson and Richard L. Hutto

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Selection for Rapid Embryo Development Correlates with Embryo Exposure to Maternal Androgens Among Passerine Birds, Hubert Schwabl, Maria G. Palacios, and Thomas E. Martin

Submissions from 2006

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How Transient Patches Affect Population Dynamics: The Case of Hypoxia and Blue Crabs, Craig A. Aumann, Lisa A. Eby, and William F. Fagan

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Facilitation by Pinus Flexilis During Succession: a Hierarchy of Mechanisms Benefits Other Plant Species, Dayna Baumeister and Ragan M. Callaway

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Gene Flow in Complex Landscapes: Testing Multiple Hypotheses with Causal Modeling., Samuel A. Cushman, Kevin Scot McKelvey, Jim Hayden, and Michael K. Schwartz

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Monitoring Low Density Avian Populations: An Example using Mountain Plovers, Victoria J. Dreitz, Paul M. Lukacs, and Fritz L. Knopf

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Estimating Detection Probablities of River Birds Using Double Surveys, Robert J. Fletcher Jr. and Richard L. Hutto

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Habitat Selection Responses of Parents to Offspring Predation Risk: An Experimental Test, Joseph J. Fontaine and Thomas E. Martin

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Disturbance Facilitates Invasion: The Effects are Stronger Abroad than at Home, José L. Hierro, Diego Villarreal, Özkan Eren, Jon M. Graham, and Ragan M. Callaway

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The Effects of Postfire Salvage Logging on Cavity-Nesting Birds, Richard L. Hutto and Susan M. Gallo

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Time for International Policies on Biological Invasions, Inderjit, Ragan M. Callaway, and Shalini Kaushik

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Consumers Limit the Abundance and Dynamics of a Perennial Shrub with a Seed Bank, Matthew J. Kauffman and John L. Maron

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Linking Direct and Indirect Data on Dispersal: Isolation by Slope in a Headwater Stream Salamander, Winsor H. Lowe, Gene E. Likens, Mark A. McPeek, and Don C. Buso

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Linking Scales in Stream Ecology, Winsor H. Lowe, Gene E. Likens, and Mary E. Power

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An Introduced Predator Alters Aleutian Island Plant Communities by Thwarting Nutrient Subsidies, John L. Maron, James A. Estes, Donald A. Croll, Eric M. Danner, Sarah C. Elmendorf, and Stacey L. Buckelew

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Habitat-Specific Impacts of Multiple Consumers on Plant Population Dynamics, John L. Maron and Matthew J. Kauffman

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Invasion Through Quantitative Effects: Intense Shade Drives Native Decline and Invasive Success, Kurt O. Reinhart, Julie Gurnee, Reyes Tirado, and Ragan M. Callaway

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A Framework for Understanding Ecological Traps and an Evaluation of Existing Evidence, Bruce A. Robertson and Richard L. Hutto

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Invasive Plant Suppresses the Growth of Native Tree Seedlings by Disrupting Belowground Mutualisms, Kristina A. Stinson, Stuart A. Campbell, Jeff R. Powell, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Ragan M. Callaway, Giles C. Thelen, Steven G. Hallett, Daniel Prati, and John N. Klironomos

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Tests of Landscape Influence: Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Fragmented Ecosystems, J. J. Tewksbury, L. Garner, S. Garner, J. D. Lloyd, V. Saab, and Thomas E. Martin

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Stress Responses in Tropical Sparrows: Comparing Tropical and Temperate Zonotrichia, Haruka Wada, Ignacio T. Moore, Creagh W. Breuner, and John C. Wingfield

Submissions from 2005

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Evolution of Morphological Integration: Developmental Accommodation of Stress-Induced Variation, Alexander V. Badyaev, Kerry R. Foresman, and Rebecca L. Young

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Unpalatable Plants Protect Neighbors from Grazing and Increase Plant Community Diversity, Ragan M. Callaway, David Kikodze, Marina Chiboshvili, and Liana Khetsuriani

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Modeling Global Warming Scenarios in Greenback Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Stomias) Streams: Implications for Species Recovery, Scott J. Cooney, Alan P. Covich, Paul M. Lukacs, Amy L. Harig, and Kurt D. Fausch

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Movements and Home Ranges of Mountain Plovers Raising Broods in Three Colorado Landscapes, Victoria J. Dreitz, Michael B. Wunder, and Fritz L. Knopf

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Human Activity Mediates a Trophic Cascade Caused by Wolves, Mark Hebblewhite, Clifford A. White, Clifford G. Nietvelt, John A. McKenzie, Tomas E. Hurd, John M. Fryxell, Suzanne E. Bayley, and Paul C. Paquet

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Vulnerability of Northern Prairie Wetlands to Climate Change, Carter W. Johnson, B. V. Millett, T. Gilmanov, G. R. Guntenspergen, and David E. Naugle

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An East-West Comparison of Migration in North American Wood Warblers, Jeffrey F. Kelly and Richard L. Hutto

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Linking Patterns and Processes in Alpine Plant Communities: a Global Study, Zaal Kikvidze, Francisco I. Pugnaire, Robin W. Brooker, Philippe Choler, Christopher J. Lortie, Richard Michalet, and Ragan M. Callaway

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Stress Tolerance and Competitive-Response Ability Determine the Outcome of Biotic Interactions, Pierre Liancourt, Ragan M. Callaway, and Richard Michalet

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Reproductive Success of Chestnut-Collared Longspurs in Native and Exotic Grassland, J. D. Lloyd and Thomas E. Martin

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Linking Demographic Effects of Habitat Fragmentation Across Landscapes to Continental Source-Sink Dynamics, P. Lloyd, Thomas E. Martin, R. L. Redmond, U. Langner, and M. M. Hart

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Estimating Population Size From DNA-Based Closed Capture-Recapture Data Incorporating Genotyping Error, Paul M. Lukacs and Kenneth P. Burnham

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Geography of Spring Landbird Migration Through Riparian Habitats in Southwestern North America, Susan K. Skagen, Jeffrey F. Kelly, Charles van Riper III, Richard L. Hutto, Deborah M. Finch, David J. Krueper, and Cynthia P. Melcher

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Changes in Bird Abundance After Wildfire: Importance of Fire Severity and Time Since Fire, Kristina M. Smucker, Richard L. Hutto, and Brian M. Steele

Submissions from 2004

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Evolution of Morphological Integration. I. Functional Units Channel Stress-Induced Variation in Shrew Mandibles, Alexander V. Badyaev and Kerry R. Foresman

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Novel Weapons: Invasive Success and the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability, Ragan M. Callaway and Wendy M. Ridenour

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Soil Fungi Alter Interactions Between the Invader Centaurea Maculosa and North American Natives, Ragan M. Callaway, Giles C. Thelen, Sara Barth, Philip W. Ramsey, and James E. Gannon

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Effects of Natal Departure and Water Level on Survival of Juvenile Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in Florida, Victoria J. Dreitz, Wiley M. Kitchens, and Donald L. DeAngelis

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Estimating Survival Probabilities of Unmarked Dependent Young When Detection Is Imperfect, Paul M. Lukacs, Victoria J. Dreitz, Kenneth P. Burnham, and Fritz L. Knopf

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Loss of Enemy Resistance Among Introduced Populations of St. John's Wort (Hypericum Perforatum), John L. Maron, Montserrat Vilà, and John Arnason

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Rapid Evolution of an Invasive Plant, John L. Maron, Montserrat Vilà, Riccardo Bommarco, Sarah Elmendorf, and Paul Beardsley

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Avian Life-History Evolution Has an Eminent Past: Does it Have a Bright Future?, Thomas E. Martin

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Soil Biota Facilitate Exotic Acer Invasions in Europe and North America, Kurt O. Reinhart and Ragan M. Callaway

Submissions from 2003

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Soil Fungi and the Effects of an Invasive Forb on Grasses: Neighbor Identity Matters, Ragan M. Callaway, Bruce E. Mahall, Chris Wicks, Joel Pankey, and Catherine Zabinski

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Phenotypic Plasticity and Interactions Among Plants, Ragan M. Callaway, Steven C. Pennings, and Christina L. Richards

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Of Mice and Men and Trillium: Cascading Effects of Forest Fragmentation, D. A. Tallmon, E. S. Jules, N. J. Radke, and L. Scott Mills

Submissions from 2002

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Snail Kite Nest Success and Water Levels : A Reply to Beissinger and Snyder, Victoria J. Dreitz, Robert E. Bennetts, Brian Toland, Wiley M. Kitchens, and Michael W. Collopy

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Incentives Toward Conservation of Argaii Ovis Ammon: A Case Study of Trophy Hunting in Western China, R. B. Harris and Dan H. Pletscher

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Convergent Demographic Effects of Insect Attack on Related Thistles in Coastal Vs. Continental Dunes, John L. Maron, Julie K. Combs, and Svata M. Louda

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Cost of Defense in the Context of Plant Competition: Brassica Rapa May Grow and Defend, David H. Siemens, Shannon H. Garner, Thomas Mitchell-Olds, and Ragan M. Callaway

Submissions from 2001

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Facilitation and Competition on Gradients in Alpine Plant Communities, Philippe Choler, Richard Michalet, and Ragan M. Callaway

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Spatial and Temporal Variability in Nest Success of Snail Kites in Florida : A Meta-Analysis, Victoria J. Dreitz, Robert E. Bennetts, Brian Toland, Wiley M. Kitchens, and Michael W. Collopy

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Use of Red Mangrove for Nesting by Snail Kites in Florida, Victoria J. Dreitz and Jamie A. Duberstein

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Behavioral Interactions Between Coexisting Species: Song Playback Experiments with Wood Warblers, P. R. Martin and Thomas E. Martin

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Ecological and Fitness Consequences of Species Coexistence: A Removal Experiment with Wood Warblers, P. R. Martin and Thomas E. Martin

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Abiotic vs. Biotic Influences on Habitat Selection of Coexisting Species: Climate Change Impacts?, Thomas E. Martin

Submissions from 2000

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Stress and Developmental Stability: Vegetation Removal Causes Increased Fluctuating Asymmetry in Shrews, Alexander V. Badyaev, Kerry R. Foresman, and Miguel V. Fernandes

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Final Report: Study of Sympatric Moose and Elk in the Garnet Range of Western Montana, 1997-2000, Milo Burcham, C. Les Marcum, Dave McCleerey, and Mike Thompson

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Facilitation May Buffer Competitive Effects: Indirect and Diffuse Interactions Among Salt Marsh Plants, Ragan M. Callaway and Steven C. Pennings

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Population-Specific Vital Rate Contributions Influence Management of an Endangered Ungulate, Heather E. Johnson, L. Scott Mills, Thomas R. Stephenson, and John D. Wehausen

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Sensitivity of Species Habitat-Relationship Model Performance to Factors of Scale, J. W. Karl, P. J. Heglund, E. O. Garton, J. M. Scott, N. M. Wright, and Richard L. Hutto

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Estimating Animal Abundance Using Noninvasive DNA Sampling: Promise and Pitfalls, L. Scott Mills, J. J. Ciatta, K. P. Lair, M. K. Schwartz, and D. A. Tallmon

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Long-Toed Salamanders in Harvested and Intact Douglas-Fir Forests of Western Montana, George P. Naughton, Colin B. Henderson, Kerry R. Foresman, and Rex L. McGraw II

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The Advantages of Clonal Integration Under Different Ecological Conditions: a Community-Wide Test, Steven C. Pennings and Ragan M. Callaway

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Life Stage Simulation Analysis: Estimating Vital-Rate Effects on Population Growth for Conservation, M. J. Wisdom, L. Scott Mills, and D. F. Doak

Submissions from 1999

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Annual Survival of Snail Kites in Florida: Radio Telemetry versus Capture-Resighting Data, Robert E. Bennetts, Victoria J. Dreitz, Wiley M. Kitchens, James E. Hines, and James D. Nichols

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Biological-Control Herbivores May Increase Competitive Ability of the Noxious Weed Centaurea Maculosa, Ragan M. Callaway, Thomas H. DeLuca, and Wendy M. Belliveau

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Toward an Evolutionary Understanding of Song Diversity in Oscines, Erick Greene

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Mycorrhizae Indirectly Enhance Competitive Effects of an Invasive Forb on a Native Bunchgrass, Marilyn J. Marler, Catherine A. Zabinski, and Ragan M. Callaway

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Males Feeding Females During Incubation. I. Required by Microclimate or Constrained by Nest Predation?, Thomas E. Martin and Cameron K. Ghalambor

Submissions from 1998

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Pair Interactions in Red-Faced Warblers, P. M. Barber, Thomas E. Martin, and K. G. Smith

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The Proportion of Snail Kites Attempting to Breed and the Number of Breeding Attempts per Year in Florida, Robert E. Bennetts, Katie Golden, Victoria J. Dreitz, and Wiley M. Kitchens

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Final Report: Chamberlain Creek Elk Studies, 1977-1983 and 1993-1996, Milo G. Burcham

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Increased Photosynthesis Offsets Costs of Allocation to Sapwood in An Arid Environment, Eileen V. Carey, Ragan M. Callaway, and Evan H. DeLucia

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Variation in Foraging Behavior Among Nesting Stages of Female Red-Faced Warblers, R. C. Dobbs and Thomas E. Martin

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The Occurrence of Snail Kite Nests with Four Fledglings in Florida, Victoria J. Dreitz and Malene R. Shannon