Dedicated to Law, Policy, and Scholarship since 1980
One of the nation's oldest law reviews focused on public lands, natural resources, and Indian law, the Public Land & Resources Law Review is student-edited and based at the University of Montana's Alexander Blewett III School of Law.
Our publications, online journal, and signature events — including the biennial Public Land Law Conference and Jestrab Lecture on Water — connect students, scholars, and practitioners around the legal issues shaping the American West and beyond.
This Article examines the Supreme Court’s use of history and tradition in
federal Indian law. In recent years, the Court has increasingly relied on
Founding-era practices and historical traditions to determine constitutional
meaning in areas such as firearm regulation, substantive due process, and
religious liberty. At the same time, while the Founding-era record contains
substantial evidence that Native nations were understood and treated as
independent, sovereign political communities, this evidence has not yet been
fully incorporated into the Supreme Court’s Indian law jurisprudence. Examining
decisions from Oliphant to Castro-Huerta, this Article describes the Court’s
approaches to historical analysis in Indian law cases and identifies areas where
deeper engagement with the historical record could inform the doctrine. By
centering Indian law within the broader history-and-tradition framework, this
Article argues that more consistent applications of history support the robust
conception of tribal sovereignty contemplated at the Founding.
This paper analyzes how the Utah PTD applies to the non- navigable tributaries
that affect the GSL, and whether Utah must consider the PTD in water rights
management. Section I explains the GSL case, outlining the issues, the
Physicians’ claims, and Judge Scott’s order. Section II outlines the PTD in
Utah. Section III first compares the GSL to other decisions applying the PTD to
non-navigable water resources and water rights. Section III then assesses
whether Utah’s PTD applies to non-navigable tributaries that affect navigable
resources like the GSL, and what that may mean for water allocation in Utah. The
paper concludes that the PTD applies to non-navigable waters in Utah and Utah
must consider the PTD when evaluating allocation, supporting the Physicians’
claims that Utah has failed to protect the GSL.